E2F3P1 and colonic neoplasm: Although nucleotides within the pseudogenes are conserved to maintain the original genetic elements, some cases of polymorphic pseudogenes have been identified and associated with cancer, such as E2F3P1 (E2F transcription factor 3 pseudogene 1) in liver cancer [15], MYLKP1 (myosin light-chain kinase pseudogene 1) in colon cancer [16], and GBAP1 (glucosylceramidase beta pseudogene 1) in gastric cancer [17].