TNF and neoplasm: Zhou et al. have also shown that miR-424-5p can inhibit PD-L1 mRNA in MDA-MB-231 cells and stimulate pro-inflammatory secretion cytokines, i.e., interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6, and downregulate IL-10 in the tumor microenvironment.