MAPK3 and epilepsy: In the present study, ERK1/2 phosphorylation level and its ratio were decreased to 0.51 (t(12) = 11.6, p < 0.001 vs. control animals, Student t-test) and 0.52 times (t(12) = 10.9, p < 0.001 vs. control animals, Student t-test) the control level in epilepsy rats, respectively, without altering ERK1/2 protein level (Figure 5A–D and Figure S3).