(2) Treadmill training optimized neural mitochondrial biogenesis in Parkinson’s disease, supported by the evidence that treadmill training increased or normalized the levels of biogenesis regulators (SIRT3, SIRT1, AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF-1,2, and TFAM) and import machinery (TOM-20, TOM-40, TIM-23, and mtHSP70) in the Parkinsonian brain. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and Parkinson disease.