TFAM and Parkinson disease: Four of those showed that the protein levels of biogenesis regulators, including SIRT3 [23], SIRT1 [16,20], PGC-1α [20,26], NRF-1,2 [20,23,26], and TFAM [20,23,26] were reduced in PD compared to normal, whereas TE training increased those levels in PD.