IGHE and atopic asthma: It has been proposed that co-stimulation of human and rodent mast cell populations in vitro with FcεRI and certain TLRs can induce release of various pro-inflammatory mediators, suggesting another mechanism through which bacterial or viral infections might exacerbate atopic asthma and other IgE- and mast cell-associated disorders such as Kounis syndrome in vivo [76,81].