For example, the inflammatory fibroblast phenotype mediated by leptin, an adipokine found elevated in the synovial fluid of both OA and RA patients [35,82], was inhibited by antisense oligonucleotides targeting the leptin receptor (ObR), which reduced leptin-mediated IL-8 secretion [63] and IL-6 expression in OA fibroblasts [64]. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and rheumatoid arthritis.