For example, Nakazawa et al. reported that antisense oligonucleotides targeting Notch-1 protein inhibited both basal and TNFα-induced proliferation of human synovial fibroblasts isolated from either RA or OA patient synovium [66], whilst antisense knockdown of the gene PTPN11, which encodes SHP-2 (a known proto-oncogene), was reported to inhibit migration and survival of RA synovial fibroblasts [67]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.