TNF and acute kidney injury: Consistent with previous studies [40,46,47,48], our study of histopathological examinations also identified increased infiltrated inflammatory immune cells, including neutrophils (Gr-1 positive), monocytes/macrophages (CD11b positive), and T lymphocytes (CD3 positive), increased CD54 expression, and overproduction of TNF-α and chemokines positively associated with cisplatin-induced AKI.