TBP and cancer: AHR can heterodimerize with ARNT, a nuclear translocator, to compose the AhR-ARNT complex, which subsequently binds with specific DNA sequences and xenobiotic response element (XRE) in the enhancer region of certain genes associated with TBP, leading to transcriptional activation of enzymes, such as the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, for xenobiotic metabolism to induce carcinogenicity of cancer stem cells as tumors or initiate cancer (Figure 5) [100,101,102,103].