Later, a multiplex-based immunoassay carried out in a Japanese population, consisting of 20 POAG, 23 PEXG, and 21 control patients, revealed significantly higher levels of TGF-β1, interleukin (IL)-8, and serum amyloid A (SAA) in the aqueous humor of POAG (5.0-fold, 2.3-fold, and 11.9-fold, respectively) and PEXG (12.5-fold, 4.0-fold, and 18.3-fold, respectively) patients, and lower levels of IL-6 for POAG subjects, when compared with control subjects [46]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and open-angle glaucoma.