However, HIF-1α signaling appears attenuated in PD patients, as gene expression profiling analyses show reduced levels of HIF-1α and its target genes, including VEGF and HK, and upregulation of PHD2 in post-mortem SNpc homogenates of PD patients when compared to age-matched controls [194,195,196]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is Parkinson disease.