NFKB1 and cancer: Several studies have examined the effect of chalcones on NF-κB signaling as a plausible way to modulate inflammation and cancer, and found that several natural chalcones, e.g., butein (16), calomelanone (17), flavokawain C (18), homobutein (19), 4-hydroxychalcone (20), 4′-hydroxychalcone (21), isoliquiritigenin (22), 4-methoxychalcone (2), and phloretin (23) (Figure 4) have the ability to suppress NF-κB signaling [22].