in vivo:−reduced caspase-3, -8, -9, tBID cleavage in global ischemia models in rats−increased Bid, pro-caspase-3 and pro-caspase-9 expression in global ischemia model in rats−reduced Fas, CaMKII, MKK4 S-nitrosylation, increased nNOS S-nitrosylation and phosphorylation, increased CaMKII phosphorylation in global ischemia models in rats−increased cell density in CA1 in global ischemia models in rats−reduced infarct size and edema in MCAO model in mice. Here, CASP3 is linked to ischemia.