Wnt-1 and Wnt-10b were noted to be overexpressed, whereas DKK1 was decreased, which led to the increased nuclear accumulation of β-catenin observed in human tissue samples from systemic scleroderma (SSc), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and liver cirrhosis [82]. Here, DKK1 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.