In prefrontal cortical regions, parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons normally mature during adolescence, and are particularly affected during their development by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and NMDAR hypofunction [78]; in fact, in patients with schizophrenia, autism and bipolar disorders, they exhibit a pattern of gene expression typical of immature cells [151]. This evidence concerns the gene PVALB and autism.