ALB and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: In order to further validate the use of Cys34 albumin thiol oxidation as a potential blood biomarker for tracking oxidative stress in DMD, it is desirable to do such measurements in other mammalian models of DMD such as dystrophic rats and dogs and to check the pre-clinical response of this new blood biomarker to beneficial treatments that protect dystrophic muscles from myonecrosis [64], plus to do clinical analyses of blood from a range of DMD patients and control human subjects.