Furthermore, the dysregulation of mitochondrial oxidation and the complex interplay between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, xanthine oxidase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and AGEs contribute to the elevated oxidative stress and hence deteriorate systemic complications of T2DM [49,50,51,52]. The gene discussed is NOS3; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.