In T2DM male volunteers, a single oral capsule of 0.47 g standardized bilberry extract (36% w/w anthocyanins), equivalent to 50 g of fresh bilberries, significantly decreased the area under the curve (AUC) for both glucose and insulin in 18%, with no changes on gut incretin hormones (GIP and GLP-1) nor in glucagon and amylin secreted from the pancreas [104]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.