Importantly, of those exhibiting complete remissions at the conclusion of the trial, 100% remained alive and in remission at 3 years and 93% at 5 years [28], demonstrating an immune-mediated curative response equivalent to that observed in anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy [30], which also acts to alleviate in situ suppression of tumour-specific lymphocytes. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.