Dosing LOX-1 in urine represents a novel, cost-effective, sensitive, fast, and reliable strategy for RCC diagnosis based on an ultra-sensitive and ultra-selective noninvasive tool that, in combination with other tools such as VOCs, could transform clinical management by enabling early detection of RCC and reducing unnecessary kidney biopsies and nephrectomies [57]. Here, OLR1 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.