In 2005, two efforts [110,111] highlighted the synthetic lethal interaction between PARP1 inhibition and loss of BRCA1 or BRCA2, which lead to the development of approved clinical PARP inhibitors in ovarian, breast or pancreatic cancer treatments in case of BRCA1 or BRCA2 loss-of-function. The gene discussed is BRCA2; the disease is familial pancreatic carcinoma.