BECN1 and colon carcinoma: The treatment of lung carcinoma, colon carcinoma, neuroblastoma, and monocyte/macrophage leukemia cells with GO or GQD nanoparticles increased the intracellular levels of beclin-1 [31,33,36,37,40,41,45], a mammalian ortholog of ATG6 required for localization of autophagic proteins to a pre-autophagosomal structure [49].