In the current review, we have analyzed the data from clinical trials, uncharacterized for mutated epidermal growth factor receptor in the past, and highlighted the progress made in the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), with a special focus on the addition of adjuvant therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with or without chemotherapy administered to NSCLC patients who had a complete resection of the tumor harboring mutated EGFR. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and neoplasm.