AKT1 and prostate carcinoma: These signals include the extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase (ERK) as one of the major signaling pathways of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [62], and p38 MAPK [63], phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt [64], focal adhesion kinase [65], and ceramide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways in prostate cancer [66].