FFAR2 and colonic neoplasm: As for the possible protective mechanisms, for one thing, the expression of GPR43 is necessary for SCFAs-mediated downregulation of the inflammatory response of innate immune cells, such as the infiltration and activation of neutrophil [45]; for another, the activation of GPR43 on the DCs decreased frequency of IL27-producing DCs, which could conduce to the CD8+ T-cell exhaustion, and reduced the number of colon tumors in the ApcMin/+ mice treated with DSS [46].