We conducted the Neo-LaTH study in which patients with HER2-positive breast cancer were randomized to different lengths of neoadjuvant induction anti-HER2 therapy with lapatinib and trastuzumab followed by weekly paclitaxel plus anti-HER2 therapy, and in estrogen receptor-positive patients, with or without concurrent endocrine therapy. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is breast cancer.