CD8A and neoplasm: Unexpectedly, oral supplement with butyrate did not enhance αPD-L1 efficiency, as shown in Figure 8B. Analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes also confirmed the previous results, as there was no significant difference in the ratio of total leukocytes and CD8+ T cells between the αPD-L1 group and butyrate + αPD-L1 group (Figure 8C).