CD8A and neoplasm: This work demonstrates that the oral administration of ultrafine jujube powder (JP) let to a significant alteration of gut microbiota, an increased abundance of Clostridiales, including Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, an elevated SCFA production, an intensified infiltration of CD8+ T cells to the tumor microenvironment, and a greatly improved response of anti-PD-L1 treatment against murine colon adenocarcinoma.