AR and prostate carcinoma: Prostate cancers can adapt to androgen deprivation by activating alternate signaling pathways in both AR-dependent and -independent manners; thus, we next aimed to examine the effect of apalutamide on AR protein expression and that of marker molecules for Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3_ signaling [19].