The over expression of these pro-inflammatory cytokines could have exacerbated the severity of these vector-borne diseases, but IL-10 and IL-4 inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine activity, evidenced by low IL-12/IL-10 ratio, low IFN-γ/IL-10 and low IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios reported in these cattle groups. The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is vector-borne disease.