These cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), are overexpressed in PBC and contribute to the reactive phenotype of cholangiocyte.21 The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is primary biliary cholangitis.