Furthermore, galectin-3 together with oxidized low-density lipoprotein promotes the expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), resulting in the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory responses through the LOX-1/ROS/NF-kB or integrin β1/RhoA/JNK signaling pathway; ultimately, these mechanisms can cause increased cytotoxicity of endothelial cells and promote atherosclerosis progression [23,24]. Here, MAPK8 is linked to atherosclerosis.