Hypoalbuminemia, which is a marker of cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD [32, 56], and which was also observed in our DM + HFD + CKD swine, may result in a reduction of circulating albumin-bound NO, thereby shortening the half-life of produced NO and impairing NO-mediated vasodilation [38, 65]. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and chronic kidney disease.