MYD88 and acute liver failure: A study on the damage of TLR signaling pathway during HEV infection has explained the impairment of monocyte and macrophage function in patients with acute liver failure infected with hepatitis E. Studies have shown that macrophage function activation and HEV clearance are caused by TLR3 signaling activation of MyD88-independent pathway and TLR9 signaling activation of MyD88-dependent pathway through TRIF, TRAF3, and TRAF6.