STAT3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Furthermore, due to the TME in esophageal cancers, especially in ESCC, enormously supporting transition of M1 macrophages to TAMs, infiltrating TAM-based immunosuppression (113), and TAM-mediated upregulation of Treg cell activity tremendously promote the development of EAC and ESCC through STAT3 signaling (118).