STAT3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: To ESCC, increased production of IL6 causes a poor prognosis following neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, while higher expression of STAT3 at surgical resection correlates to increased mortality; however, siRNA-activated inhibition of IL6/STAT3 signaling augments chemotherapy sensitivity, accelerates apoptosis, and reduces angiogenesis, as well as decreases the EMT formation for metastases (113, 114).