It remains to be established in future studies if the three miRNAs are actively excreted from prostate cancer cells to prevent p53 stabilisation and subsequent inhibition of the androgen axis or if MDM4 transcript levels are actively decreased upon androgen stimulation to stabilise AR protein via modulating the stoichiometric ratio of the MDM2/MDM4 heterodimer. This evidence concerns the gene MDM2 and prostate carcinoma.