VEGFA and ischemic stroke: Moreover, besides VEGF, also TGF-β1 is overexpressed in patients after ischemic stroke, being central to the processes of angiogenesis, tissue inflammation and fibrosis [50]; furthermore, following ALI, TGF-β1 has been most carefully evaluated during the late phases of tissue repair, where it plays a critical role in the progress of lung fibrosis, increasing the permeability of endothelial monolayers [51].