Many forms of vascular disease are characterized by increased TGF-β1 expression and endothelial dysfunction [31] with increased expression of eNOS; although the precise mechanism by which it does so is unclear probably, transcription factors activated by TGF-β1, mediates TGF-β1 induction of eNOS in endothelial cells [52]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and endothelial dysfunction.