Conversely, anti-PD-L1-based therapy seems to be better efficient in female patients, in locally recurrent setting and in HPV positive patients.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This is the first NMA study that aimed to indirectly compare anti-PD-1- and anti-PD-L1-based therapy in HNSCC patients. Here, CD274 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.