One study on rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia showed that the constitutive MAPK termed apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), which is known to be critical in the remodeling processes of pulmonary artery hypertension, participates in PASMC proliferation through activation of p38 MAPK and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in response to oxidative stress (Wilson et al., 2020). The gene discussed is MAP3K5; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.