IL27 and clostridium difficile infection: We hypothesize that CDI may up-regulate IL-27 production directly by bacterial components and indirectly by host factors, such as other cytokines.14,15 Interestingly, when patients were categorized based on disease severity, those with severe CDI had significantly lower serum and fecal IL-27 levels compared to those with non-severe CDI, suggesting that severe CDI might cause reduced IL-27 production from APC or other immune cells.