CAMP and infection: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the first immunological barriers elicited during infection by various pathogens.3 Cathelicidin (CRAMP in mouse/rat, LL-37 in human), a major group of AMPs, also designated as host defense peptides, has emerged as a key component of innate immunity due to its direct antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of invading pathogens.4 The only human cathelicidin, LL-37, is released by proteolytic cleavage from an inactive 18-kDa precursor protein (hCAP-18), which is synthesized from epithelial cells, and also from a variety of other immune cells.