Notably, PGC1β is haplo-insufficient in the chromosome 5q deletion subtype of MDS (del(5q) MDS)28 and deregulation of core mitochondrial pathways and acquired mtDNA mutations have been reported in MDS-patients with anemia29, generally in genes related to iron and heme homeostasis12,30,31. The gene discussed is PPARGC1B; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.