Furthermore, in DCs (cDC and pDC), ISG-I expression for the four critical COVID-19+ cases with anti–IFN-α2 autoantibodies was significantly lower than that for critical cases without autoantibodies [ISG-I: log2FC = −0.75 to −1.05, P = 2.0 × 10−2 to 2.8 × 10−2; ISG-II (pDC only): log2FC = −0.92, P = 2.1 × 10−3; Fig. 3C]. Here, IFNA2 is linked to COVID-19.