IL4 and infection: Notably, the MNoV strain CR6, which has tropism for tuft cells and shows higher levels of shedding following a coinfection with T. spiralis or during treatment with IL-4 complexes (IL-4 c).23,60 Similarly, coinfection with H. polygyrus enhanced murine astrovirus (muAstV) infection and shedding in the GI tract possibly due to an increased number of infected goblet cells, a target of muAstV.61 Thus, enteric helminth coinfection could be detrimental to the host by enhancing infection and transmission of some enteric viral infections (Table 2).