IFNA1 and viral infectious disease: It is intriguing to speculate that enteric helminths, via changes in the composition of commensal bacteria, could impact tonic IFN signaling that provides resistance to local and systemic viral infections.39–41 More specifically, type I IFN signaling in conventional dendritic cells was shown to support TH2 induction in response to S. mansoni egg antigen.42 Hence, tonic IFN signaling could enhance dendritic cell migratory activities and thereby affect immunity to viral infections.