Using discriminant analysis, Chiang [27] utilized 151 calcium oxalate stones patients and 105 healthy controls of four genetic polymorphisms: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E-calcine adhesion, urokinase, and cytochrome p450c17, as well as relevant environmental factors (milk, water, outdoor activity and coffee consumption), presented a prediction model of kidney stones. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and nephrolithiasis.