In addition, the present study performed a comprehensive genetic analysis of HB and HCC using NGS, which not only confirmed the previously discovered frequent mutations of CTNNB1 and p53 genes in HB and HCC, but also identified new genetic changes in tumor-associated genes, including AXIN, APC, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a (CDKN2A), inverted formin 2 (INF2) and AT-rich interactive domain 2 (ARID2) (21). Here, AXIN1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.