The most significant air pollution is particles less than 2.5 micrometres that are harmful to human health and are involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase- (JNK-) activator protein 1 (AP1), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation [5, 6]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.