For those heat shock and related proteins that appeared to trend higher in the time course in T2D compared to controls, that included CLU, SMAD3, CDC37, HSPA8 (co-chaperone 70), DNAJB1, STIP1, HSP90ab, UBE2L3, UBE2N and UBE2G2, it may be seen in Fig. 1 and Supplementary Fig. S1 that HSPA8 (co-chaperone 70), DNAJB1, STIP1, HSP90ab, UBE2L3, UBE2N, UBE2G2 are integrally linked and therefore this entire pathway may be increased in T2D. This evidence concerns the gene UBE2L3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.