INS and Hyperglycemia: Mechanisms linking diabetes and cancer have invoked the mitogenic and anti-apoptotic actions of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1, increased cytokine secretion, steroid hormone dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and hyperglycemia (Khandwala et al, 2000; Braun et al, 2011; Xu et al, 2014; Gristina et al, 2015).