TGFB1 and acute kidney injury: Although the mechanism of AKI-to-CKD transition is incompletely understood, recent studies have reported that several pathological mechanisms, including hypoxia, microvascular rarefaction, inflammation, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 production, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, are involved in AKI-to-CKD transition [7, 8].