CD47 and HIV-1 infection: These findings obtained in the context of HIV-1 infection are in contrast to those reported by the Hasenkrug group, which showed that CD47 was upregulated in different types of immune cells upon recognition of several pathogens, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) (44, 45), suggesting that downregulation of CD47 is an evolved viral countermeasure that provides HIV with a selective advantage.