Nevertheless, regardless of potential differences between bone marrow–derived human and mouse apoE in regulating plasma cholesterol levels in ApoE−/− mice, our results showed that bone marrow cell–derived human apoE3 is effective in suppressing atherogenesis without hypercholesterolemia improvement, thus documenting a lipoprotein transport–independent function of myeloid cell–derived apoE3 in atheroprotection. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and Hypercholesterolemia.