TXNIP and ischemia reperfusion injury: In studies of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, TXNIP has been shown to directly activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce pyroptotic cell death (13), whereas taurine has been shown to inhibit this TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway and to thereby disrupt downstream inflammation to protect against Schistosomiasis japonicum-induced hepatic injury (14).